Anxiety, Mood, Dissociative, Somatoform Disorders free essay sample

Anxiety, Mood, Dissociative, Somatoform Disorders The DSM-IV-TR presents diagnostic categories and classifications for the use of identifying and diagnosing mental disorders (Hansell Damour, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Anxiety, Mood, Dissociative, Somatoform Disorders or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper will look at the areas of anxiety disorders, mood and affective disorders, dissociative disorders, and somatoform disorders. The probable classifications and symptoms under these categories will also be discussed. In addition, an in depth look at a disorder from each category will be dissected. Anxiety Disorders Anxiety can be classified as an unpleasant feeling associated with a general sense of danger, or a feeling that something bad is going to occur (Hansell Damour, 2008). Anxiety and fear are close to having the same meaning. Although in fear, the danger is more definite. The DSM-IV-TR category for anxiety disorders contains those where anxiety is the key symptom. Some of the main disorders that can come from having excessive anxiety include phobias, general anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and acute stress disorder (Hansell Damour, 2008). Anxiety and fear are ordinary responses to threatening or hazardous conditions. However, a person with an anxiety disorder may be subject to anxiety and fear in contexts that do not justify such feelings. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) In the instance of obsessive-compulsive disorder, obsessions and compulsions take on a different meaning. Obsessions are defined as unwanted persistent thoughts, ideas and feelings, whereas compulsions are defined as recurring, ritualized behaviors in an effort to control the anxiety that brought about the obsessions (Hansell Damour, 2008). The anxiety can be brought on by a number of factors. For instance, a person can be worried that his or her parents will die and every time he or she thinks about it they begin to feel the anxiety. When a person tries to resist a compulsion an increasing amount of tension and anxiety occur. These feelings are alleviated when that person gives in to the compulsion (obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), 2009). Those who suffer from OCD, â€Å"can have compulsive behaviors that involve seemingly logical, through irrationally excessive, attempts to reduce the anxiety associated with obsessive thoughts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hansell Damour, 2008, p. 124). References obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). (2009). In The Penguin Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/penguinpsyc/obsessive_compulsive_disorder_ocd Hansell, J. Damour, L. (2008). Abnormal psychology (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley

What to do about the drunk driver. essays

What to do about the drunk driver. essays We are not going to stop people from drinking, so the goal is to stop those that have been, from driving. The most effective means of accomplishing this is to create a negative public perception of the act as being socially unacceptable, much as has occurred with cigarette smoking over the past ten years or so. We need to concentrate on educating our youth to the dangers of drinking and driving, and make the completion of such education a stringent requirement of obtaining a drivers license. This emphasis on prevention of the problem by changing attitudes would yield the greatest long-term results. I believe the existing laws are sufficiently clear and fair enough to effectively address the issue from a legal standpoint. There should, however be some modification of the existing enforcement and penalties in order to strengthen their deterrent effect. The severity of punishment should be to the extent that non alcohol-dependent individuals would not be willing to take the risk, and in fact take precautionary actions to avoid the possibility. After the first offense, a comprehensive evaluation should be made of each person convicted of DUI, as to whether they fit pre established criteria that indicate a probability they are alcohol or drug dependent. I dont think the thought of potential consequences has much effect on an alcohol-dependent person, and any person identified as such should not be allowed to regain a drivers license without substantive evidence of successful abstinence and recovery. The burden of proof should rest on the offender, in order for them to ever regain a license. An individual deemed non alcohol-dependent would have their license suspended for a specific period. Both categories would also face jail time and fines. Conviction of a second offense would carry an automatic assumption that the person wa ...

Rhetorical analysis of How to Mark a Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rhetorical analysis of How to Mark a Book - Essay Example The first category includes people who are fascinated by the exterior or superficial outlook of the books; the second category includes people, who collect a lot of books, yet they are partially aware of what is in their collection; and the third category belongs to those who own books as they are supposed to be owned. Adler emphasizes on the importance of the essence and the knowledge that is preserved in the books, and his third type of book owners have this habit of reaching to crux of the information that is locked in words. The author has compared reading books with consuming beef steaks. According to him one must not read through the books, like gulping food hastily. Rather a reader must read and digest every point in the book, like he is chewing and digesting a tasty meal. Further, he gives example of President Hutchins, who was according to him a learned person with the passion of reading. While quoting Hutchins case, the author tries to elaborate the importance of writing on books, and on margins on the printed pages. Adler admits that writing, while reading a book may be a laborious act, and it definitely consumes more time than just simply reading, but he says that this is actually how one can give respect to the ideas that are documented in book. However, he does not want the readers to condition reading with labor, he appreciates the relaxed mode reading of fiction and other easy to digest literature. Further, he suggests that consuming few books properly is better than reading through a library, and he compares it with human sociology, where he suggests that it is better to have few friends than having thousands of acquaintances. To encourage his readers for adopting the habit of writing through lines, he has offered a hypothetical protocol that could be used by the readers, when they start reading their next book. Overall the main theme of this article was to make readers learn how to extract the maximum

Influenza in Elderly Aged 65 years and above Essay

Influenza in Elderly Aged 65 years and above - Essay Example Therefore, the effective measure for preventing this communicable disease is to offer influenza vaccinations to ageing people. Influenza is a public health issue because it is an acute viral infection, which can spread from one individual to another, and it circulates across the globe and can affect many aging people at a higher rate. According to the WHO report, global influenza epidemics result to 3 to 5 million of severe cases yearly and this contributes to death rates of approximately 500, 000 deaths where the majority are the ageing people of 65 years and above (Ryu, Kim, Park and Park (2011 p. 4197). Influenza causes annual epidemics and the winter seasons or temperate areas are the peak seasons for influenza. This illness can take economic toll because of heavy expenditure on provision of healthcare services not only to the aging population but also to children who are dependent. The essay explores the determinants of influenza in aging people and analyzes the inequalities, as well as, policies that impact on the public health issue. Determinants Of Influenza In Adults Age 65 Years Old And Above Ageing people are at higher risks for many vaccine preventable illnesses because this illness contributes to high morbidity and mortality rates. Influenza and pneumonia in adults are among the 8th leading cause for increased death rates among the aging people across the globe (DH 2009, p. 5). Many aging people die while others get admitted in hospitals due to complications of influenza disease. The determinant of health covers all the risk factors that may pose an individual to influenza. Social issues are among influenza determinants among the elderly populations across the globe. The research carried out revealed that social determinants such as gender, ethnicity, social-economic status, cultural beliefs and values were among the determinants of influenza in adults (Nagata (2013, p. 88). The behavioral beliefs, affordability, education or attitudes about the va ccine are also significant determinants of flu vaccine. Vaccination gains influenza virus is vital because it is one of the best methods of preventing unnecessary hospitalizations and premature death rates to elderly people. Another influenza determinant is the health care provisions among the elderly population. Since the beginning of the 20th century, timely and efficient intervention methods have been significant contributing factors for the decline of morality rates from influenza disease and other associated diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease (Merrill 2010, p. 57). The health of aging population is influenced by varied factors including the past and present behaviors, as well as, health care provisions. There is an immense dissimilarity among the health inequalities and health determinants. The primary causes for health are frequently summed up in the slogan of dealing with the determinants for wellbeing and health inequalities. The health inequalities are tackl ed under the policy implementation whereby the government focuses on distribution of equal health care services to all population. Focusing on the determinant of healthcare inequalities is vital because this is one of the increased causes for widespread influenza disease. Education factor is among the social determinants of influenza and it is linked to learning disabilities for adults. The research study carried out revea

World Conservation Union Essay Example for Free

World Conservation Union Essay UNESCO is an international organization being a specialized agency of the United Nations. UNESCO was established in 1945 and their goal is to contribute and assist security and peace. Actually, UNESCO promotes international collaboration in the spheres of science, education and culture to achieve universal respect for promoting human rights and fundamental freedoms. It is necessary to outline that the organization has five major programs (procedures): natural sciences, education, communication and information technologies, human and socials sciences and, finally, culture. UNESCO is assisted by government funds as well as by public and private sponsors, donations, etc. UNESCO is the sponsor of projects that involve teacher-training programs, literacy questions and international science programs. Special attention is paid to promotion of freedom of press, independent media, cultural history, cultural diversity, international cooperation, natural heritage, human rights and world-wide digital divide. Apparently, the organization has strong political support in all European and some Asian countries. The World Conservation Union is an international organization dealing with conservation of natural resources. This organization was founded in 1948 and nowadays brings together more than 80 states and hundred government agencies from countries around the world. The goals of the organization are: to affect, to assist and to stimulate societies of the world to protect and to conserve natural diversity and integrity; to provide guidance of natural resource and re-assure that any of them is ecologically sustainable. The main policies are: to provide guidance and technical support to UN organizations, international conventions and governments as well as to G8; to assist in developing of new sites for natural conservation; to contribute to natural biodiversity strategies an plans; to ensure technical support for environmental laws aimed at protection of natural resources, etc. Therefore, organization is funded by governments and private sponsors. References The World Conservation Union: an Alliance to Care for the Earth. (1994, February). Retrieved January 18, 2007, from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1310/is_1994_Feb/ai_15630441 Official Website of UNESCO. Retrieved January 18, 2007, from http://portal. unesco. org/en/ev. php-URL_ID=29008URL_DO=DO_TOPICURL_SECTION=201. html What is the World Conservation Union. Retrieved January 18, 2007, from http://www. iucn. org/en/about/

Educational Goals and Philosophies Essay -- Education Teaching Philoso

Educational Goals and Philosophies For the past seven years, I have had the same dream - to someday be a high school math teacher. I am finally on my way to turning that dream into a reality. Along the way, I am learning a lot of things and forming a number of opinions. One of the main areas in which I am forming new beliefs is in relation to what methods I will use in teaching my class and what aspects of what philosophies I will employ. First of all, however, I must reach the point where I have a class to teach. How am I going to reach my goal of becoming a teacher? I believe I am taking the most important step right now by attending a good college where I am gaining further knowledge in many areas, especially math and education, as well as gaining practical experience in the public school system. At the present time, it is not my plan to attend graduate school. Since I took some extra time to earn an Associate of Arts in Bible, I will have already been in college for five years when I graduate, and I am eager to get out there and start teaching now. Math teachers are in short supply right now, and if I am able to get a good teaching position with only a Bachelor of Science, I would rather do that than continue on with further schooling. I know that teachers with their Master’s Degree make more money, but I am not worried about money. If I were, I would not become a teacher. I want to teach because I love math, I love to be able to help other people, and I love young pe ople. I realize that if I decide to teach college level math someday, I will need to go to graduate school, but I will cross that bridge when I come to it if I ever do. At the moment, it is just my desire to teach high school. When I am teaching in a high school someday, what philosophies will be evident in my classroom? What methods will I use to reach my students? In my present education, I am beginning to think carefully and deeply about these issues. From what I have read and learned and from comparing various philosophies with each other, I have come to realize that I am a strong essentialist, and I also see many strong points in progressivism and behaviorism. Essentialism, made popular by William Bagley in the 1930’s, is the form of education most of us know well from our schooling experiences. It has also been called the â€Å"... ...ng that is based on behaviorist principles. Students work at their own pace to reach a certain goal. When they pass that phase, they move on to the next one; otherwise, they repeat it until they can reach the objective. Mastery learning often provides rewards or reinforcement. Programmed learning is a type of mastery learning in which students work with an interactive program on a computer. The material is broken into small portions, and the computer provides immediate feedback to the student’s answers. Students are able to work at a speed comfortable for them. I want to be the best possible teacher I can be. I want to communicate well with my students, and I want to be able to help them both now while they are in school and provide them with tools they will use when they are finished with school. In order to be a good teacher, I will use various methods and ideas from the philosophies of essentialism, progressivism, and behaviorism. I want to be open and willing to try new things and to always keep in mind the reason I became a teacher – to help my students learn math, in whatever way I can. When all is said and done, I want my grade as a teacher to be an â€Å"A.†

The leading founders of the United States of America

Explain why you think one of the following made a significant contribution to American political thought prior to 1800: Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, George Mason, Abigail Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, or Tom Paine. Explain his or her role in these important deliberations and why you think it was significant to the process, and may have influenced final outcomes. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Benjamin Franklin was born on January 1, 1706 In Boston Massachusetts; he was the youngest child and the tenth boy in a family of 17 children.He was one of the leading founders of the United States of America, a member of the committee that draft6ed the declaration of independence and was one f its signatories. Despite the fact that his formal education ended early, this never terminated his education, he believed that the doors of wisdom are never shut, in connection, he learned simple algebra, navigation, logic, history, science, English grammar and a wide knowledge of several other languages.A s will be discussed below, Benjamin Franklin’s contribution or role or influence on the American political thought prior 1800 was and still remains significant both in America and in all the other parts of the world. To begin with his contribution is shown or rather confirmed in his belief in the fact that good citizenship included an obligation of public service. He himself served in United States of America in one way or the other for most of his life, for him there was no greater purpose in life than to live peacefully.Again, Benjamin as a political activist and writer, more than anyone, invented the idea of an American nation; furthermore, he was an early proponent of colonial unity. He also founded the roots of American characters and values, a marriage of the practical and democratic Puritan values of thrift, community spirit, self government institutions and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious with the scientific and tolerant values of enlighten ment.Benjamin Franklin also spearheaded the effort to have parliament repeal the unpopular stamp act, this was in the American governing body. He became involved in politics after which he was selected as a council man then he became a justice of the peace for Philadelphia. Later on after being appointed the deputy master general, his most noticeable services in domestic politics was his reform of the postal system (Woolman, 2004). He also affected diplomatic service in connection with the relations of the colonies with Britain and later with France.He also protested against the political influence of the Pennsylvania family in England who were the proprietors of the colony. Another factor which shows contribution politically is that he was a member of the club of honest Whigs alongside other thinkers like Richard Price; this is when he became involved in active politics. He is also the founding father to four of the major documents of the United States; the declaration act, the tre aty of Paris, the treaty of Alliance and the United States constitution and all these form a very vital part of the American political system.The other significant thing he did that helped to tighten the American political system was that he advocated for the abolition of slavery which in turn led to stable political government. Among his many political roles there are some of the most evident ones which are discussed below; he was a representative in the Pennsylvania assembly, a colonial agent at London and a representative to the continental congress at Philadelphia in 1776 and the United States ambassador at Paris in 1783. At each of these pints, his political and social roles had changed.He was well situated and well positioned in his area of leadership that he was able to participate directly in the formation of government policies, by worship1785, he was on the periphery of the forums of political power and social privileges Although Benjamin Franklin’s use and discover ies in science and innovation are well rounded accomplishments, he is most credited for his action in the political office. Benjamin’s ethical mind and thoughts helped make the nation of America what it is today. He believed that America had to separate itself from its control under Great Britain.It is therefore a justifiable conclusion that perhaps his most heroic act is the work he contributed to make America the free nation it is today. Benjamin stood firm in his ground and belief that the Americans had to branch off from England even if there was strong opposition. He had to take the risk to as great depths as compromising with his fellow politicians yet he proved really heroic in the time of the political turmoil in the land for his ability to reason with others, stand true to his belief and the courteous nature at all time. Precisely, his work as a politician paid off greatly, more than he may have expected (Tomasi, 1999).Benjamin Franklin was truly the first American t o live the American dream, the dream that everyone, regardless of gender, race or background can be anything they desire through honesty and hard work. To cup it all, Benjamin Franklin was and still remains a hero in that through the voice he had in America, he has since brought hope to so many a people and through him, everyone seems to be having a bright future in the United States of America. He is truly a hero. Works cited Woolman, J. Autography of Franklin. Harvard: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Tomasi, M American History. NY: Oxford, 1999.