Educational Goals and Philosophies Essay -- Education Teaching Philoso

Educational Goals and Philosophies For the past seven years, I have had the same dream - to someday be a high school math teacher. I am finally on my way to turning that dream into a reality. Along the way, I am learning a lot of things and forming a number of opinions. One of the main areas in which I am forming new beliefs is in relation to what methods I will use in teaching my class and what aspects of what philosophies I will employ. First of all, however, I must reach the point where I have a class to teach. How am I going to reach my goal of becoming a teacher? I believe I am taking the most important step right now by attending a good college where I am gaining further knowledge in many areas, especially math and education, as well as gaining practical experience in the public school system. At the present time, it is not my plan to attend graduate school. Since I took some extra time to earn an Associate of Arts in Bible, I will have already been in college for five years when I graduate, and I am eager to get out there and start teaching now. Math teachers are in short supply right now, and if I am able to get a good teaching position with only a Bachelor of Science, I would rather do that than continue on with further schooling. I know that teachers with their Master’s Degree make more money, but I am not worried about money. If I were, I would not become a teacher. I want to teach because I love math, I love to be able to help other people, and I love young pe ople. I realize that if I decide to teach college level math someday, I will need to go to graduate school, but I will cross that bridge when I come to it if I ever do. At the moment, it is just my desire to teach high school. When I am teaching in a high school someday, what philosophies will be evident in my classroom? What methods will I use to reach my students? In my present education, I am beginning to think carefully and deeply about these issues. From what I have read and learned and from comparing various philosophies with each other, I have come to realize that I am a strong essentialist, and I also see many strong points in progressivism and behaviorism. Essentialism, made popular by William Bagley in the 1930’s, is the form of education most of us know well from our schooling experiences. It has also been called the â€Å"... ...ng that is based on behaviorist principles. Students work at their own pace to reach a certain goal. When they pass that phase, they move on to the next one; otherwise, they repeat it until they can reach the objective. Mastery learning often provides rewards or reinforcement. Programmed learning is a type of mastery learning in which students work with an interactive program on a computer. The material is broken into small portions, and the computer provides immediate feedback to the student’s answers. Students are able to work at a speed comfortable for them. I want to be the best possible teacher I can be. I want to communicate well with my students, and I want to be able to help them both now while they are in school and provide them with tools they will use when they are finished with school. In order to be a good teacher, I will use various methods and ideas from the philosophies of essentialism, progressivism, and behaviorism. I want to be open and willing to try new things and to always keep in mind the reason I became a teacher – to help my students learn math, in whatever way I can. When all is said and done, I want my grade as a teacher to be an â€Å"A.†

The leading founders of the United States of America

Explain why you think one of the following made a significant contribution to American political thought prior to 1800: Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, George Mason, Abigail Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, or Tom Paine. Explain his or her role in these important deliberations and why you think it was significant to the process, and may have influenced final outcomes. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Benjamin Franklin was born on January 1, 1706 In Boston Massachusetts; he was the youngest child and the tenth boy in a family of 17 children.He was one of the leading founders of the United States of America, a member of the committee that draft6ed the declaration of independence and was one f its signatories. Despite the fact that his formal education ended early, this never terminated his education, he believed that the doors of wisdom are never shut, in connection, he learned simple algebra, navigation, logic, history, science, English grammar and a wide knowledge of several other languages.A s will be discussed below, Benjamin Franklin’s contribution or role or influence on the American political thought prior 1800 was and still remains significant both in America and in all the other parts of the world. To begin with his contribution is shown or rather confirmed in his belief in the fact that good citizenship included an obligation of public service. He himself served in United States of America in one way or the other for most of his life, for him there was no greater purpose in life than to live peacefully.Again, Benjamin as a political activist and writer, more than anyone, invented the idea of an American nation; furthermore, he was an early proponent of colonial unity. He also founded the roots of American characters and values, a marriage of the practical and democratic Puritan values of thrift, community spirit, self government institutions and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious with the scientific and tolerant values of enlighten ment.Benjamin Franklin also spearheaded the effort to have parliament repeal the unpopular stamp act, this was in the American governing body. He became involved in politics after which he was selected as a council man then he became a justice of the peace for Philadelphia. Later on after being appointed the deputy master general, his most noticeable services in domestic politics was his reform of the postal system (Woolman, 2004). He also affected diplomatic service in connection with the relations of the colonies with Britain and later with France.He also protested against the political influence of the Pennsylvania family in England who were the proprietors of the colony. Another factor which shows contribution politically is that he was a member of the club of honest Whigs alongside other thinkers like Richard Price; this is when he became involved in active politics. He is also the founding father to four of the major documents of the United States; the declaration act, the tre aty of Paris, the treaty of Alliance and the United States constitution and all these form a very vital part of the American political system.The other significant thing he did that helped to tighten the American political system was that he advocated for the abolition of slavery which in turn led to stable political government. Among his many political roles there are some of the most evident ones which are discussed below; he was a representative in the Pennsylvania assembly, a colonial agent at London and a representative to the continental congress at Philadelphia in 1776 and the United States ambassador at Paris in 1783. At each of these pints, his political and social roles had changed.He was well situated and well positioned in his area of leadership that he was able to participate directly in the formation of government policies, by worship1785, he was on the periphery of the forums of political power and social privileges Although Benjamin Franklin’s use and discover ies in science and innovation are well rounded accomplishments, he is most credited for his action in the political office. Benjamin’s ethical mind and thoughts helped make the nation of America what it is today. He believed that America had to separate itself from its control under Great Britain.It is therefore a justifiable conclusion that perhaps his most heroic act is the work he contributed to make America the free nation it is today. Benjamin stood firm in his ground and belief that the Americans had to branch off from England even if there was strong opposition. He had to take the risk to as great depths as compromising with his fellow politicians yet he proved really heroic in the time of the political turmoil in the land for his ability to reason with others, stand true to his belief and the courteous nature at all time. Precisely, his work as a politician paid off greatly, more than he may have expected (Tomasi, 1999).Benjamin Franklin was truly the first American t o live the American dream, the dream that everyone, regardless of gender, race or background can be anything they desire through honesty and hard work. To cup it all, Benjamin Franklin was and still remains a hero in that through the voice he had in America, he has since brought hope to so many a people and through him, everyone seems to be having a bright future in the United States of America. He is truly a hero. Works cited Woolman, J. Autography of Franklin. Harvard: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Tomasi, M American History. NY: Oxford, 1999.

Nike Shifts with Its Environment - 700 Words

Case Analysis – Nike Shifts With Its Environment 1. From what you can tell by reading the case, in addition to other information you know about Nike, how has each element of the company’s microenvironment contributed to its development of the new stores and their innovative features? ÃŽ » Nike+: With Nike+, runners can measure their exercise time, pace, energy consumption, etc. Meanwhile, these data can be uploaded to a dedicated community of runners named nikeplus.com. Thus, runners can get professional training advice, or share their experience with others. This move brought a lot of benefits for the Nike. By helping runners do exercise training, Nike can build brand intimacy and professional degrees, while analyze consumers based on data†¦show more content†¦(Stanley). Joga is not only the worlds first football fan community website, but also the Nike’s first step towards online community concept. 2. What is the influence of the various components of the macroenvironment on the company’s present situation? Over the past three years, Nike has sharply decline 40% investment in television and print advertising within the U.S. market. However, its overall marketing budget climbed to $ 2.4 billion (2010) of the record. (Cendrowski). Advertising campaign of selling only one popular product has gone, replaced by a full set of new methods, which are fulfilled of interactive elements that can communicate directly with consumers. The reason of this shift is very simple: Nike goes where customers go. Its core customer base is 17-year-old juvenile who will spend 20 percent more money on shoes than adults. (Cendrowski). They have discarded television and turned to walk in the online community. Nike not only believes it can break away from massive TV advertisings, but also says that the digital world will make closer interaction between brands and consumers. 3. Concerning current social attitudes and values, do you believe Nike is on the right track in its approach? Why or why not? What additional suggestions would you offer the company? In my opinion, I do believe that Nike find a suitable way for its development. The new creative marketing ideas and unique network marketing not only bring great wealth for Nike, but alsoShow MoreRelatedEssay on Sweatshops810 Words   |  4 PagesNike’s Sweatshop Issues Nike is a widely known and respected athletic company, but they treat their employees with the least amount of respect such as, â€Å"verbal and physical abuse, shockingly high rates of sexual harassment, forced overtime, denied sick leave, inadequate access to medical care†(O’Rourke). Many people are unaware of how poorly these sweatshop workers are treated every day. It seems like Nike is very unwilling to change, because of how inconsistent and unfair the labor conditionsRead MorePsychology of Business - Nike She Runs1414 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness School 2014 Nike currently stands as a dominant leader in the global athletic retail industry. Particularly amongst females Nike is seen as a popular choice for apparel yet has had trouble solidifying itself as a top choice for footwear, with competitor ASICS seen as the preferred running shoe choice. Nike recognised this market opportunity to increase shoe sales by targeting the female runners who were not previously reached out to.   They did this through the Nike She Runs campaign, whichRead MoreVisual Aspects of Nike908 Words   |  4 PagesAspects of Nike Prior to the 2012 London Olympics, Nike launched the Find your Greatness campaign, which supports a new generation of young athletes who overcome social conflicts like: race, disabilities, and dilemmas to immerse themselves as athletes. In a series of ads, Nike presents us with their spiel, greatness is not given to prodigies, we are all capable of it, which relies on the premise that everyone is capable of construing greatness to fit their own capabilities(Nike). By exemplifyingRead More Nike- Huma Resources Essay1220 Words   |  5 Pageshave expanded their horizons to every part of the world. Nike has two headquarters; it’s World Headquarters in Oregon and its European Headquarters in The Netherlands. Those two running geeks are Bill Bowerman and Phil Knight. The long lived business partnership began in 1962 as Blue Ribbon Sports (BRS). Their first year sales were $8,000 and every year after proceeded to increase. In 1972 they changed their company name to Nike. The word Nike comes from the Greek winged goddess of victory. They haveRead MoreA Case Of Globalization ; Nike. 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This included providing quality work environments for all who were employed by Nike. Read MoreNike And The Production Process Essay894 Words   |  4 PagesNike Sweatshops With a slogan of â€Å"Just Do It,† Nike is known all over the world for its products ranging from apparel to shoes. Receiving recognition and sponsorship from various celebrities and athletes including Michael Jordan, Nike’s brand is generally associated in a positive light. However, the brand itself, variety of products, and numerous sponsors exist as only a few aspects of this continuously expanding brand. Another aspect to consider when addressing the overall existence of a productRead MoreThe Factors Of A Companys Macro Environment1364 Words   |  6 PagesUnder Armour’s Strategy Identifying influencing factors of a company’s macro-environment helps in the strategic development and management within a company. The macro-environment outlines an industry and the competitive environment as seen in figure 3.1, (Gamble, Peteraf, Thompson, 39). Within the macro-environment there are the political factors, economic conditions, sociocultural forces, technological factors, environment forces, and legal/regulatory factors. All of these factors blanket the habitatRead MoreAn Age Of Informational Starvation873 Words   |  4 PagesNadal, which is the commercial by Nike, to understand the way they appeal to the audience. First of all, like any other piece of art, the narrator creates the specific theme that addresses the human eye. That theme provokes a specific response in human mind, and their thinking provokes the profit if the advertiser was successful. However, the ethos of the current commercial is obvious – Nike Company is one of the leading industries that deliver sports equipment. Nike represents one of the main â€Å"players†Read MoreHow The Company Use Technology Help Perform And Advance Competitive Advantage1246 Words   |  5 Pagescompany use technology to perform and advance competitive advantage. As we see in the global market, Nike is one of the high profitable revenue companies. This company spends lot in purchasing the new technologies in the market and uses the most for their business. They build the ultra-infrastructure which is more capable than their actual needs. For example, if we consider their Data warehouse, the Nike maintains the Teradata with extended configuration and purchased space more than their data needs

Essay about Liberty, Value, and the Liberal Perspective

Liberty, Value, and the Liberal Perspective ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the nature of liberty from the point of view of value. Liberty is the highest value for liberals. The root of this liberal view is their particular conception of self. Rawls says the self is prior to the ends which are affirmed by it. This is also the Kantian view of the self: the self is prior to its socially given roles and relationships. Therefore, no end is exempt from possible revision by the self. There is nothing wrong with this basic idea. In fact, all theories agree on free choice of life plan or self-determination. But they disagree about what package of rights and resources best enables people to pursue their own conceptions of the good. However,†¦show more content†¦For instance, the value of the moral principle or rule One ought not to harm others has a value not in itself, but in leaving the values for others not harmed or reduced. Thus it serves as a constraint. The principle of equality or any principle of equitable distribution , say distribution according to contribution, is a criterion or pattern for distribution. It also dose not have a value in itself, but serves as a criterion or pattern for the distribution of income, which is the good that has a value. In living a life, or being a particular person and doing all kinds of things, a human being pursues the values of various objects, material or non-material, concrete or abstract. The pursuit of any value is under a certain circumstance with various conditions. In order to protect the agent from unjustified interference from the environment and at the same time to prevent the agents doing or being something from harming others or society, we establish not only a principle of liberty to support the agent, but also some moral principles to constrain her or him or to serve as a criterion or pattern, in the case where her or his doing or being affects the justice to other people. Thus, I call the value of those social goods that support, constrain, or serve as a criterion or pattern associative value, which is not measurable in itself, even subjectively, but has to be measured in terms of the value of the good pursued by the agent. Liberty, as aShow MoreRelatedBrooke Johnson. Political Ideologies . Essay 1. 2/24/17.1583 Words   |  7 PagesBrooke Johnson Political Ideologies Essay 1 2/24/17 Differing Perspectives of Liberalism Liberalism is characterized by a commitment to individual rights, toleration, limited government, equal opportunity, and a commitment to free market. There are different forms of liberalism that one may identify with, such as classical liberalism, neo-liberalism, egalitarianism, and libertarianism. Each of these forms have different consequences or interpretations of some of the characteristicsRead MoreA Liberal Perspective On Capital Punishment1247 Words   |  5 PagesA Liberal Perspective on Capital Punishment The liberal ideology is based in the values of individualism, in that the individual themselves is important in their pursuit and struggle for freedom. There are some factors that are common in liberalism, some of which include: liberty, formation of equality and dominance of individuals in bearing within their society. This essay will discuss these ideas of liberalism in relation to how they support the controversial issue of capital punishment. CapitalRead MoreLiberal Ideas Of Equality And The Right Of Law1591 Words   |  7 PagesLiberal ideas of equality and the right of law may be normative to this current epoch but these ideas were considered radical at their time (Fielding et al. 2009, p. 127). Rising to prominence during the 18th century Enlightenment, liberal ideas has roots in the period of the protestant reformation in the 16th century, with ideas of increased importance and faith in the individual and his rationality in opposition to the central authority of the Cath olic Church (Fielding et al., 2009, p. 106).Read MoreLiberal Democracies Vs. Liberal Democracy Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesLiberal democracies, are defined as the system in which governmental body operate under the principle of individual rights and work to protect them regardless of religion, sect, ethnicity etc. Liberal democracies are thought to be secular in nature and generally do not account for religions or ethnicities rather they promote a certain nationalistic perspective throughout the state. 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Answering of such questions has a direct impact on the capacity to attain an adequate balance between order and liberty in the political setting. At the end of one continuumRead MoreThe Issue Of Human Rights1256 Words   |  6 Pageshuman rights affect daily lives worldwide. We can understand human rights and its initial role on politics through the example of higher rule denying citizens everyday rights, worldwide. In particular, I will compare and contr ast the theoretical perspectives of liberalism and realism, and assess that human rights can best be examined through liberalism due to its ability to bring light to international cooperation and optimism to everyday human nature. Liberalism essentially points to internationalRead MoreThe Battle Of The Confederate Flag1208 Words   |  5 Pages48). It is alleged that the Northern states used slavery as an excuse to invade Southern states. However, white supremacist still upheld some of the imperial ideologies that the black community had limited rights to ownership of property and other liberties. Interestingly, the western imperialist were the first in abolishing slavery and acknowledge the practice as immorally wrong. Also, the imperialist were interested in resources of the Southern states. Apparently, the depletion and transfer of resourcesRead MorePolitics, Realism, Liberalism And Liberty1507 Words   |  7 Pagesthoughts on existing theories and helps to develop the understa nding of political concepts that are often deemed to be effective or ineffective. This essay will refer to some concepts and theories such as Political Corruption, Realism, Liberalism and Liberty. It will explore the kind of things academics generally try to find out through studying politics to explore these topics and what they should possibly be looking for instead when studying politics. Political Corruption covers a broad spectrum of

Hiv / Aids An Acronym For Human Immunodeficiency Virus

What if there was a disease that thousands of people a day contracted with no vaccine or cure, what do you think the world would look like? The world would look much like it does today, as there is a disease that infects thousands of people each and every day with no vaccine or cure. That disease is HIV/AIDS. A disease that is so powerful its position in our society has moved from epidemic to pandemic. In this paper we will explore HIV/AIDS and my one-day journey at one of Delaware County’s largest full service HIV/AIDS providers and how it changed my perspective on the disease and the people who carry it. What is HIV/AIDS? HIV is an acronym for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus can only attack humans, hence the name, and reproduces by taking over the T-cells (or CD4-cells which help fight off infections) and uses them to make copies of itself (U.S. Department of Health Human Services). Unlike most viruses the human body cannot seem to shake HIV, which means once you have HIV you have it for life. HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids and they are blood, semen (including pre-seminal), vaginal secretions, breast milk, and rectal fluids. AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is the last stage of HIV, but it is important to note that not everyone with HIV will succumb to having AIDS. According to the U.S. Department of Health Human Services (2014) people who acquire AIDS have immune systems that have been severely deteriorated whichShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids1306 Words   |  6 Pagesknown and feared viruses in the world today is HI V/AIDS. To fully understand on why HIV/AIDS is so deadly, we need to first understand and breakdown on what this virus exactly is. HIV is an acronym that stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human means that only humans can be infected by this virus. Immunodeficiency means that this virus attacks and weakens your immune system to the point where your immune system can no longer protect your body. Virus means that it can only reproduce itself byRead MoreThe World Since The 1980s1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1980s. A deadly virus emerged and spread faster than common sense could keep up, fueled by fear, paranoia, and prejudice. The disease was first dubbed GRID, an acronym for Gay-Related Immune Deficiency since it seemed to prey primarily on homosexual men. As it was observed that blood transfusion recipients and intravenous drug users were also contracting it the name was replaced with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and its precursor Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). As the decade progressedRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids1065 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough HIV/AIDS is on the rise together, we can put an end to the increasing numbers. Globally HIV/AIDS is growing rapidly by the end of 2015 the number of people infected and diagnosed could beat any of the previous year’s records. Shockingly enough, this statistic even stands true for our home state Kansas. These numbers may be rising because more people want to know their statuses and are becoming aware of the dangers hidden in this deadly virus. On the other hand, people may be living moreRead MoreEssay on HIV1863 Words   |  8 Pages HIV nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like the majority of the American population I have lived in a cloud of ignorance about the HIV and AIDS crisis. I have never know anyone close to me that has been infected with either of the two viruses. So when the option to research something to do with sexuality arouse I felt this would definitely further my education about a lethal killer that is roaming this earth. Since I knew next to nothing about this topic I will start from the begging of the diseaseRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1454 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus is one of the growing illnesses becoming very common today. The acronym for this virus is HIV. More than 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV and almost 1 out of 8 are unaware of this infection. There are over 50,000 new infections per year. It has impacted our society greatly. In 2010, President Obama made the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. It really affects the youth of the African American culture especially men who have sex with men. By race, AfricanRead More The Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa Essay examples1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa The ubiquitous acronym HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that gradually weakens the immune system until the body cannot fight off common infinitesimal infections such as pneumonia, diarrhea, the â€Å"flu†, and other illnesses. All of which can be part of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV that usually develops between 2 to 10 years after the infection. This infection is frequently transmitted through unprotectedRead MoreDurex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS-HIV688 Words   |  3 PagesOverview Durex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS/HIV Hello to everyone, my name is Irem Gamsizoglu, and I`m first year medicine student. I will tell you about disease that is spread all around the world – AIDS and HIV and the corporate social responsibility campaign made by one of the most famous contraception related company Durex. And I`d like to start my overview with famous quote by Elizabeth Taylor; once she said that â€Å"It is bad enough that people are dying of AIDS, but no one should die of ignorance†Read MoreThe Immune System: HIV/AIDS Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHIV is a world pandemic that has caused the death of â€Å"30 million† (CDC – Statistics Overview – Statistics Center – HIV/AIDS, CDC) innocent lives. HIV is devastating virus that destroys people’s immune systems and leaves them vulnerable to other diseases. HIV is an acronym for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which means that the virus is found only in humans and targets the immune system. The virus kills CD4 cel ls, cells in the immune system that fight off infections and diseases. HIV has been aroundRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus : Hiv And Aids1935 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, better known as the acronym HIV is a virus that destroys the immune system and can evolve into an infection. HIV is known a as pandemic because the immune system can fight off the infection but can never clear the HIV out of the body. â€Å"HIV is spread through contact with the blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of a person infected with HIV.† [AIDS] According to AIDS.info, in the United States, the virus is usually contractedRead MoreHiv-Reaction Paper1770 Words   |  8 Pages25 TERMS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- is a lentivirus ( a member of the retrovirus family) that causes required immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a conditions in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)- is a disease of human immune system caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Sex- is a process of combining and mixing of genetic traits, often in resulting in

Athletic Trainer Essay Example For Students

Athletic Trainer Essay Athletic TrainerAn athletic trainer seeking employment in todays job market is likely toencounter many problems and obstacles along the way. The need for highereducation greatly affects the prospect for the athletic trainer with only thebaccaulereate degree. Those with this degree are better suited to seekemployment in the rehabilitative therapy clinic setting. Many of these clinicshave contracts with the local high schools or university thus allowing for moreemployees and allowing these entry level positions. Clinics also tebd to employthe student trainers who also have a tendency to move on after their education. With third party payees coming more into this field there should be an increasein the job availability for the athletic trainer in the clinical setting. Thereare also many openings for trainers in the high school level. The down side tothis area of work is that this position is not generally based on the care andconcern for the health and well being of the student athlete but is contingenton the budget aspect. The most dismal field for an athletic trainer seekingemployment is in the college level. Athletic trainers most certainly needadvanced degrees as well as certification of the National Athletic TrainersAssociation. Most Athletic trainers in this level have accepted employment whilein college or attending that particular university. The college level for theathletic trainer position has not increased over the past few years- due impartto the hiring of the student trainers leaving no openings for the athletictrainer who is seeking full time employment. Obviously there is a definit e needfor advanced degrees in todays society, if one is seeking employment as anathletic trainer due to the fact that there is a very limited job field andopenings are few and far between. In order to be fully prepared for the positionof athletic trainer in todays sports related society, the potential trainerneeds to obtain the minimum of a baccalaureate degree with a designated courseof study. They need to have studied thoroughly anatomy and physiology,physiology of exercise, rehabilitation, kineseiology, psychology, injuryevaluation and also emergency care procedures and techniques. Before meeting therequirements to become eligible to test for the National Athletic TrainersAssociation (NATA) a potential trainer needs a minumum of 800 clinical hours ofexperience or 1500 hours if not enrolled in an accredited athletic trainingeducation program. The NATA also requires continuing education units for acertified trainer to remain certified through them. The steps to obtaining acareer in the field of athletic training are fairly simple. A desire to work inthe sports related field is obviously the driving force for most. A BA is theminimum degree along with clinical hours of experience as noted earlier. Alsothe National Athletic Trainers Association Board of Certification requirescontinuing education classed to maintain and update your knowledge of newprocedures. A Masters Degree is often sought by the athletic trainer to furtheradvance their career. A select few often go on and pursue a doctoral degree andprogress on to become instructors. Depending on the location of the high school/clinic/ university the Athletic trainer may encounter many different obstaclesto overcome in the day to day running of the training office. A few of theseproblems are, but not limited to, the following: Budgeting problems : manyathletic trainers have learned how to juggle funds and become extremely frugalto maintain within the budget limitations. Travel: there is often the need forthe trainer to accompany the team or athletes on the road to games and sportsevents which poses a hardship both on the trainers life and the life of theirfamilies. There will always be the legal aspects of the job field to contentwith for the athletic trainers. There is a definate need for the explicitfollowing of all rules and procedures in order to try to prevent any egalramifications. While employeed at any particular school or clinic a trainershould be covered at all times by the schools liability policy. All athletes arerequired to sign a waiver when they decide to participate in the sport of theirchoice and this too is a protective measure for both the trainer and the schoolor the clinic. Although it may seem like the problems along with the dismal jobopenings are a great deal to contend with when one is contemplating choosing thefield of Athletic Training there are a great many pluses to this field too. 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Lathe Machine Lab free essay sample

Beside that ,it can be used to measure the length of the object, which specific size is 100mm and 25mm in diameter. 3. 2) Lathe Machine A lathe is a machine tool which rotates the workpiece on its axis to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, or deformation with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object which has symmetry about an axis of rotation. Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glassworking. Lathes can be used to shape pottery, the best-known design being the potters wheel. Most suitably equipped metalworking lathes can also be used to produce most solids of revolution, plane surfaces and screw threads or helices. Ornamental lathes can produce three-dimensional solids of incredible complexity. The material can be held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can be moved horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths. Other workholding methods include clamping the work about the axis of rotation using a chuck or collet, or to a faceplate, using clamps or dogs. Group 3 | Weekly Report | Lathe P a g e |1 WEEKLY REPORT – LATHE MANUFACTURING LAB (MEFB 121) GROUP 3 REV NO : 000 DATE : 11 NOVEMBER 2011 Below are the list of parts and functions in lathe machine. No 1 Components Bed Functions Provides a heavy rigid frame on which all the main components are mounted. Inner and outer guide rails that are precision machined parallel to assure accuracy of movement. mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways, usually at the left end. Using a chuck, it rotates the work. inside the headstock, providing multiple speeds with a geometric ratio by moving levers. Hole through the headstock to which bar stock can be fed, which allows shafts that are up to 2 times the length between lathe centers to be worked on one end at a time to clamp part being machined and allows the mounting of difficult workpieces that are not round, square or triangular. Fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position the headstock to fit the length of the work piece. An optional taper turning attachment would be mounted to it. Moves on the outer ways. Used for mounting and moving most the cutting tools Mounted on the traverse slide of the carriage, and uses a hand wheel to feed tools into the workpiece. To mount tool holders in which the cutting bits are clamped Mounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post Attached to the front of the carriage, it has the mechanism and controls for moving the carriage and cross slide. For cutting threads 2 Ways 3 Headstock 4 Gearbox 5 Spindle 6 Chuck 7 Tailstock 8 9 Carriage Cross Slide 10 11 12 Tool Post Compound Rest Apron 13 Lead Screw Group 3 | Weekly Report | Lathe P a g e |2 WEEKLY REPORT – LATHE MANUFACTURING LAB (MEFB 121) GROUP 3 REV NO : 000 DATE : 11 NOVEMBER 2011 4. PROCEDURE Procedure for this purpose can be classified into 3 different topics; Work procedure, Operation and Safety precautions which each of those carried elements of different perspective but act under the same objective. 4. 1. Work Procedure I. Morning briefing by the technician; Mr. Shamsul on all aspect of job scope II. Proper safety attire were wore first III. Our group were given one workpiece for this particular activity. Using vernier calliper, the dimensions obtained and shown as per below : 100mm O25 Figure 3 – Initial workpiece dimension IV. V. The workpiece later being lock and was placed firmly in the spindle. The cutting tool was aligned to the dead center. The machine was turned on. The carriage was moved to the left by rotating the hand wheel until the tip of the cutting tool touches the edge of the metal cylinder. Cutting tool touch the edges 0. 5mm Group 3 | Weekly Report | Lathe P a g e |3 WEEKLY REPORT – LATHE MANUFACTURING LAB (MEFB 121) GROUP 3 REV NO : 000 DATE : 11 NOVEMBER 2011 VI. VII. VIII. IX. For safety reason, the workpiece were mounted with 0. 5mm per run(safe operation). The machine then were run by cutting the whole workpiece for 20mm diamater. This process need to be done two times which one on the left hand side and the right hand side. The carriage need to be push to the left slowly. For 20mm diameter cut,we need to repeat 4 times because to follow the safe operation procedure. Step 6 below were repeated for cutting the 15mm and 10 mm diameter. The final workpiece is as per below: O10 O15 O20 Figure 4- the final workpiece. 4. 3. Operation I. II. To perform lathe activity, the workpiece need to be lock and secure in the spindle at first. Then the lever that control the x-axis of the lathe machine is adjust and set to 0. This step is essential so that the operator keep tracks of the depth between the initial and the final workpiece. For safety purporse, the lathe machine only can cut down the workpiece for 0. 5mm per run. Apart from that,coolant switch also are turned on to reduce the friction between the cutter n workpiece. After all, the main switch is turned on and the cutter start to rotate itself. The lever on the x-axis need to be move to the left and the process of lathe begin. Push the lever slowly to the end. Lathe the workpiece until the end and after the process done,turn off the machine. III. IV. V. Group 3 | Weekly Report | Lathe P a g e |4 WEEKLY REPORT – LATHE MANUFACTURING LAB (MEFB 121) GROUP 3 REV NO : 000 DATE : 11 NOVEMBER 2011 4. 2. Safety Precautions I. II. III. IV. V. VI. VII. Before setting up a job, be sure that the workpiece, the table, the taper in the spindle, and arbor or cutter shank, are all clean and free from chips, nicks, or burrs. Keep lathe cutters sharp at all times. Do not change feeds or speeds while the lathe machine is in operation. Always turn on the coolant while doing the lathe process. This will reduce the total friction between the cuters and the workpiece. Never run a the lathe machine without the workpiece. When using clamps to secure the workpieces, be sure that they are tight and that the workpiece is held so that it will not spring or vibrate while it is being cut. Keep chips away from the workpiece; brush them out of the way by any convenient means, but do not do so by hand or with waste. NEVER remove chips with your bare hands. Use a stick or brush, and always stop the machine. Should it become necessary to operate the lathe while the ship is underway, be especially safety conscious. (Machines should be operated ONLY in relatively calm seas. ) VIII. 5. DISCUSSION From the activity that we done, we can sum up on several process that related to lathe machine. Points below explain the process of the lathe machine works on the workpiece. I. Turning A right-hand turning tool bit is shaped to be used from right to left. The cutting edge is on the left side of the tool bit and the face slopes down away from the cutting edge. The left side and end of the tool bit are ground with sufficient clearance to permit the cutting edge to bear upon the work piece without the heel rubbing on the work. The right-hand turning tool bit is ideal for taking light roughing cuts as well as general all-around machining. A left-hand turning tool bit is the just like right-hand turning tool bit, except that it’s the opposite. This tool bit is designed to cut when fed from left to right. The round-nose turning tool bit is very versatile and can be used to turn in either direction for roughing and finishing cuts. No side rake angle is ground into the top face when used to cut in either direction, but a small back rake angle may be needed for chip removal. The nose radius is usually ground in the shape of a half-circle with a diameter of about 1/32 inch. The right-hand facing tool bit is intended for facing on right-hand side shoulders and the right end of a work piece. The cutting edge is on the left-hand side of the bit, and the nose is ground very sharp for machining into a square corner. The direction of feed for this tool bit should be away from the center axis of the work, not going into the center axis. A left-hand facing tool bit is the opposite of the right-hand facing tool bit and is intend to machine and face the left sides of shoulders. Example of the process as shown in figure 5. Group 3 | Weekly Report | Lathe P a g e |5 WEEKLY REPORT – LATHE MANUFACTURING LAB (MEFB 121) GROUP 3 REV NO : 000 DATE : 11 NOVEMBER 2011 Figure 5- The turning of the lathe machine cutter. II. Feed speed and depth of cut Cutting speed is defined as the speed at which the work moves with respect to the tool. Feed rate is defined as the distance the tool travels during one revolution of the part. The finish is determined by the cutting speed and feed, power requirements, and material removal rate. The primary factor in choosing feed and speed is the material to be cut. However, one should also consider material of the tool, rigidity of the work piece, size and condition of the lathe, and depth of cut. To calculate the proper spindle speed, divide the desired cutting speed by the circumference of the work. In considering depth of cut, its important to remember that for each thousandth depth of cut, the work diameter is reduced by two thousandth. Some calculation can be done to define the feed speed but there a few missing variable like the rotation per minute (RPM) of the lathe machine use. To calculate spindle speed required, N=CS(1000) ? d N= Spindle speed( RPM) CS= Cutting speed of the metal(m/mm) d=diameter of the workpiece Group 3 | Weekly Report | Lathe P a g e |6 WEEKLY REPORT – LATHE MANUFACTURING LAB (MEFB 121) GROUP 3 REV NO : 000 DATE : 11 NOVEMBER 2011 III. Industrial application The lathe is one of the engineers most valuable tools. Coupled with a milling machine or milling head (Tri-axis lathe) there is nothing that cannot be produced from virtually any kind of material. A lathe can be used to a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) Turn an ornate wooden spindle Skim a cylinder head or other gasket-face Put a screw-thread on a piece of metal bar Drill a hole of almost any size in almost any material Machine an intricate valve, collet or gudgeon Put a screw-thread inside a hole (Tap the hole) Produce a complex component such as a cog-wheel, crown wheel or pinion Re-bore the cylinder of an engine Create irregular / offset flanged components of infinite complexity.